2. Steam Production:
Introduction:
Steam is one of the most important substances for an industry. And for this
reason steam is produced by the industry it self. So boiler is needed for
this purpose. With the help of this boiler the industry produces 10 ton steam
per hour. This is sufficient for the industry.
The steam produced is supplied to the following systems :
i) Steam is used in the air conditioning system.
ii) Most of the steam is used in the dying section of the industry.
iii) Steam is used in the loom for maintaining the humidity of the room.
iv) Steam is needed for keeping the inspection room cool.
v) The steam is used in external combustion engine, i.e. steam engines and
turbines.
vi) At low pressure for industrial process work in cotton mills, sugar factories,
breweries, etc.
vii) For producing hot water, this can be caused for heating installations
at much lower pressure.
Steam production equipment (Boiler
Introduction:
A steam generator or Boiler is, usually a closed vessel made of steel. Its
function is to transfer the heat produced by the combustion of fuel (solid,
liquid or gaseous) to water, and ultimately to generate steam.
Technical Specification:
Boiler type: Locomotive boiler (fire tube)
Maximum steam production: 10 ton/hr
No of tubes: 142 (thin)
Diameter of each tube: 2 inch
Fuel: Natural gas
Steam pressure: 7-8 bar
Important terms of steam boiler:
i) Combustion chamber
ii) Furnace
iii) Boiler shell
iv) Grate
v) Heating surface
vi) Mountings
vii) Accessories
Boiler operation:
i) The temperature of the feed water, entering the boiler should not descend
below
60 0C when fired with light oil (diesel oil)
105 0C when fired with heavy oil
In order to avoid corrosions on the boiler material.
Corrosions in the flue gas tubing of the boiler can be caused by the sulphur
which is more or less included in the most kinds of fuel oil. The sulphur
burns to gaseous sulphur dioxide and trioxide (SO2, SO3). These gases from
sulphuric acid by reaction with the evaporator water are also present in the
flue gases. The acid condenses in the boiler tubes at low temperature and
may cause corrosions.
Therefore, high feed water temperatures are a preventive against sulphuric acid corrosions.
ii) Open blow- down valve approx. every 8 hours for a few seconds and clean
pump switch and water level indicator in the following manner:
Open drain valve, turn off water side and open steam cock to remove residues
by blowing steam through the casing. After that both valves have to be reset
in to operating position. Watch water inspection glass.
iii) Check the low water shut down switch according to the enclosed instructions of the manufacturer of the water level limiter.
iv) Switch on the feed pump by turning the pump switch on switch board to position “automatic”. The feeding is now automatically controlled by the pump control switch
v) Turn burner switch to position “automatic”. The burner is
now automatically in dependence of the steam demands.